money for an additional minute. The distribution of the disutility of prison is not degenerate, generating heterogeneity in …

We estimate the "incapacitation effect" on crime using variation in Italian prison population driven by eight … and -35 percent. A cost-benefit analysis suggests that Italy's prison population is below its optimal level. -- crime … collective pardons passed between 1962 and 1995. The prison releases are sudden - within one day -, very large - up to 35 percent …

We estimate the "incapacitation effect" on crime using variation in Italian prison population driven by eight … collective pardons passed between 1962 and 1995. The prison releases are sudden – within one day –, very large – up to 35 percent … of the entire prison population – and happen nationwide. Exploiting this quasi-natural experiment we break the …