Each of the social sciences provides a different explanation of conflict about the very existence of a political regime. This article reviews a variety of theories hypothesizing that such conflicts are caused by social conditions such as religion, absence of modernity, class relations and...

The transformation of a non-market to a market economy ought to change fundamentally the significance of money incomes for welfare. Whereas in a stressful non-market economy such as the former Soviet Union, non-monetized resources could substitute for money income and promote welfare, in a...