This article addresses the question of whether sanctions constitute violence in the broad sense of that term, and whether, and under what conditions, sanctions can be justified. The sanctions imposed against Iraq and Cuba are discussed as case studies and several ethical theories are applied to...

This paper examines the question of whether it is ethical for company officials to use the force of government to reduce or eliminate foreign competition, using the antidumping laws as a case study. This paper begins with a brief examination of the U.S. antidumping laws, then examines several...

The antidumping laws are structurally protectionist. There is no way to construct an antidumping law that is not protectionist. Basically, antidumping laws protect domestic producers at the expense of the general public. They provide a legal means of destroying the property of foreign...

According to Islam, Muslims have a moral obligation to pay zakat for the support of the poor and for the legitimate functions of government. Thus, evading one’s duty to pay zakat is classified as an immoral act. The Islamic system of taxation is a voluntary one, at least partially, although...

Earmarking taxes - setting funds aside for special purposes - has its advantages and disadvantages. The literature focuses almost exclusively on technical aspects of earmarking. Practically nothing has been written about the ethical aspects of earmarking. This article explores some of the...

This study presents the results of an empirical study of attitudes toward bribe-taking in Turkey. The authors constructed a survey instrument that asked whether accepting a bribe in the course of one’s duties was justifiable. Respondents were asked to select a number from 1 (never justifiable)...