international (and internal) migrants, both in terms of the ease of obtaining proficiency in the destination language and access to … linguistic enclaves, (2) the determinants of destination language proficiency among international migrants, based on a model (the … acquiring destination language proficiency, with an emphasis on labor market outcomes, and in particular earnings. Factors that …

-arrival earnings profiles of immigrants in the US from non-English-speaking countries according to the linguistic distance of their … immigrants from non-English-speaking countries are characterized by positive assimilation. Earnings in the immediate post …-arrival period are lowest for the language groups furthest from English, and the increase in earnings with duration is steeper the …

This paper considers the labor market assimilation of immigrants in terms of earnings and employment (employment … for other origins. Among women, the pattern of assimilation in earnings and employment is more positive than among their … immigrant women from the ESDC, who are more likely than married immigrant women from the same countries to be economic migrants …