impact varies with the presence of preschool and school-age children who are affected by school and child-care facility …, with the largest for married women without children in the home. But losses are greater for married women at young ages …, mothers with very young children, and for those working in COVID-impacted industries. School and child care closures increase …

We estimate the trend in the transitory variance of male earnings in the U.S. using the Michigan Panel Study of Income …