The present paper analyzes the evolution of the specialization and trade patterns of China, India, Brazil and South Africa (CIBS) and other WTO countries. It aims to provide an answer to the following questions: is there a tendency to a multi-polarization of trade patterns? If so, is CIBS’...

This paper addresses the following research questions: i) are firms characterized by international linkages more productive than other firms? ii) are those belonging to industries more involved in GVCs even more productive? To this end, we combine the WB Enterprise Survey dataset with the new...

The main goal of this article is to provide an ex ante assessment of the long-run average treatment e¤ect of ENP on EU-MED FTA. The novelty of this work is twofold: to present nonparametric matching estimators along with gravity estimates; to assume, as a counterfactual, the ex-post treatment...