a package to other firms. Regulators favor pools as a means to encourage innovation: Pools are expected to reduce … the effects of a patent pool on innovation. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the sewing machine pool appears to have … discouraged patenting and innovation, in particular for the members of the pool. Data on stitches per minute, as an objectively …

tightening constraints on water, arable land, and other natural resources, agricultural innovation is quickly becoming the most … universities, which, historically, have been a major source of agricultural innovation, increasingly dependent on funding from … evidence on the forces that drive research and innovation in agriculture. This book aims to provides such evidence through …

Introduction /Petra Moser --The roots of agricultural innovation : patent evidence of knowledge spillovers /Matthew … Meyers, Paul W. Rhode --Comment /Michael J. Roberts --Local effects of land grant colleges on agricultural innovation and …, more resilient crops to feed a more crowded planet in the twenty-first century. Innovation has historically helped …

tightening constraints on water, arable land, and other natural resources, agricultural innovation is quickly becoming the most … universities, which, historically, have been a major source of agricultural innovation, increasingly dependent on funding from … evidence on the forces that drive research and innovation in agriculture. This book aims to provides such evidence through …

.S. science and innovation. This paper presents the first systematic analysis of the émigrés' effects on U.S. innovation … instrument for fields of émigrés indicate that OLS may underestimate effects on U.S. innovation. Evidence from a new data set on … the patent histories of more than 500,000 U.S. inventors indicates that the émigrés arrival increased U.S. innovation by …

What is the optimal system of intellectual property rights to encourage innovation? Empirical evidence from economic … existence of strong patent laws encourage innovation? And 2) May patent laws influence the direction – as opposed to the rate … innovations in developing countries, discourage innovation in the developing countries? This essay summarizes results of existing …

, has emphasized the importance of patents as a primary driver of innovation. Recent improvements in empirical methodology … when patent rights have been too broad or strong, they have actually discouraged innovation. This paper summarizes the …

new drugs, however, are theoretically ambiguous: Compulsory licensing may encourage innovation by increasing competition … or discourage innovation by reducing expected returns to R&D. Empirical evidence is rare, primarily because contemporary …