Compulsory licensing allows governments to license patented inventions without the consent of patent owners. Intended …

This chapter summarizes historical evidence on the link between patent laws and innovation. Earlier historical analyses … have emphasized the importance of patent laws in encouraging innovation. Data on exhibits at international technology fairs … that non-patent mechanisms may play an important role in encouraging innovation. They also show that inventors’ dependency …

patenting decisions are unresponsive to differences in patent laws. Cross-section evidence suggests that high-quality and urban …

foreign patent owners. This paper uses an exogenous event of compulsory licensingafter World War I under the Trading with the …

Patent pools allow competing firms to combine their patents and license them as a package to outside firms. Regulators … licensing strategies of patent pools. This paper takes advantage of a unique period of regulatory tolerance during the New Deal …

Members of a patent pool agree to use a set of patents as if they were jointly owned by all members and license them as … the first patent pool in U.S. history, the Sewing Machine Combination (1856-1877) to perform the first empirical test of … the effects of a patent pool on innovation. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the sewing machine pool appears to have …

patent. The discovery of the periodic table in 1869 offers an opportunity to test this idea. Exhibition data show that …

foreign patent owners. This paper uses an exogenous event of compulsory licensing after World War I under the Trading with the …

A growing empirical literature uses patent citations as a quality-adjusted measure for innovation, despite concerns … influence citations: 1) improvements in performance 2) citing practices of patent attorneys, and 3) citing practices of patent … useful quality-adjusted measure for innovation. The citing practices of patent attorneys and examiners, however, also …