and the entrant final goods producers are from the same developed country, patent protection in the developing country … raises developed-country welfare if (i) patent protection in the developing country deters entry in the final goods market …

a model with endogenous number of innovatingfirms, we show that whether product patent increases R&D is ambiguous, and … depends onthe type of market demand and the cost of R&D. If the market size increases with numberof firms, product patent … of lower R&D under productpatent. If the market size does not increase with number of firms, product patent …

We show that if patent protection and trade secrecy generate asymmetricmarket structure, an innovator may prefer patent …

, we show that patent protection in the developing country raises developed-country welfare if the following three … conditions hold together: (i) patent protection in the developing country deters entry in the final goods market, (ii) the … that patent protection in the developing country always creates higher developing-country welfare if no developing …