We consider an economic order quantity type model with unit out-of-pocket holding costs, unit opportunity costs of holding, fixed ordering costs and general transportation costs. For these models, we analyze the associated optimization problem and derive an easy procedure for determining a...

__Abstract__ In previous work, two axiomatic characterizations were given for the median function on median graphs: one involving the three simple and natural axioms anonymity, betweenness and consistency; the other involving faithfulness, consistency and ½-Condorcet. To date, the independence...

An antimedian of a profile $\\pi = (x_1, x_2, \\ldots , x_k)$ of vertices of a graph $G$ is a vertex maximizing the sum of the distances to the elements of the profile. The antimedian function is defined on the set of all profiles on $G$ and has as output the set of antimedians of a profile. It...

__Abstract__ In 1952 Sholander formulated an axiomatic characterization of the interval function of a tree with a partial proof. In 2011 Chvátal et al. gave a completion of this proof. In this paper we present a characterization of the interval function of a block graph using axioms on an...

A fundamental notion in metric graph theory is that of the interval function I : V × V → 2V – {∅} of a (finite) connected graph G = (V,E), where I(u,v) = { w | d(u,w) + d(w,v) = d(u,v) } is the interval between u and v. An obvious question is whether I can be characterized in a nice way...

A median of a sequence pi = x1, x2, … , xk of elements of a finite metric space (X, d ) is an element x for which ∑ k, i=1 d(x, xi) is minimum. The function M with domain the set of all finite sequences on X and defined by M(pi) = {x: x is a median of pi} is called the median function on X,...

In 1982, Slater defined path subgraph analogues to the center, median, and (branch or branchweight) centroid of a tree. We define three families of central substructures of trees, including three types of central subtrees of degree at most D that yield the center, median, and centroid for D = 0...

Let $G = (V,E)$ be a graph. A partition $\pi = \{V_1, V_2, \ldots, V_k \}$ of the vertices $V$ of $G$ into $k$ {\it color classes} $V_i$, with $1 \leq i \leq k$, is called a {\it quorum coloring} if for every vertex $v \in V$, at least half of the vertices in the closed neighborhood $N[v]$ of...

The Majority Strategy for finding medians of a set of clients on a graph can be relaxed in the following way: if we are at v, then we move to a neighbor w if there are at least as many clients closer to w than to v (thus ignoring the clients at equal distance from v and w). The graphs on which...