The calibration of financial models is laborious, time-consuming and expensive, and needs to be performed frequently by financial institutions. Recently, the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for model calibration has gained interest. This paper provides the first comprehensive...

For banks, credit lines play an important role exposing both liquidity and credit risk. In the advanced internal ratings‐based approach, banks are obliged to use their own estimates of exposure at default using credit conversion factors. For volatile segments, additional downturn estimates are...