Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities have recently become a widely discussed topic, but clear strategies on whether firms should focus on concentrating or reducing their ESG activities have not been developed. This study develops a strategic approach to ESG investments, which...

This study compares the impact of trade openness on gross domestic product (GDP) growth and human development for a panel of ASEAN countries from 2001 to 2021. Our results show that trade has a positive impact on GDP growth but a negative impact on human development due to environmental...

We examine how foreign direct investment(FDI) affects social and technological change in ASEAN countries. By employing fixed-effects and two-stage least squares regressions, we analyze the mediating roles of financial and governmental institutions, which determine absorptive capability. Our...

This study examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on human development and demonstrates the moderating role of governance on the relationship between FDI and human development in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) from 2001 to 2018 using fixed-effect and two-stage...