The idea that the productivity and wages of workers are not necessarily equal has long attracted the attention of many economists. Indeed, the lack of a method to measure the productivity-wage gap has hindered the development of research on labor economics, productivity analysis, and human...

We address a gap in prior literature on female managerial representation and corporate performance. Prior evidence linking increases in female managerial representation to corporate performance has been surprisingly mixed, due in part to data limitations and methodological difficulties. Using...

We address a gap in prior literature on female managerial representation and corporate performance. Prior evidence linking increases in female managerial representation to corporate performance has been surprisingly mixed, due in part to data limitations and methodological difficulties. Using...

Theories of economic institutions predict that complementarity exists between the nature of corporate governance of a firm and the nature of its human capital investment. The complementarity theory insists that the commitment of a firm and its employees to invest in firm-specific human capital...

Using data of start-up businesses in Japan, we compare the probability of women obtaining loans to that of men. We control for not only individual attributes but also firm characteristics containing yieldability, cash flow, and the ability of debt redemption. Women-owned start-ups have a 11-14...

We construct a cross-prefectural index of human capital that captures the quality of the labor force available to the 47 Japanese prefectures from 1970 through 2008 using the Population Census. Our index is based on the index number concept proposed by Caves, Christensen, and Diewert (1982), and...

During the last decade, economists and policy makers have extensively discussed what types of firms can exploit external markets by exporting and what happens to domestic firms if external competitors penetrate into the home market. Although both theoretical and empirical studies have been...

Although the factor share approach is used to estimate total factor productivity (TFP) in many empirical papers, its validity is very controversial. This approach is justifiable if and only if the market of inputs and outputs is perfectly competitive, the production function follows constant...

The Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011 had a serious negative impact on the Japanese economy. The earthquake reduced production substantially not only in the regions that were directly affected but also throughout Japan via the disruption of supply chains. The meltdowns at the...

This paper examines the relationship between corporate disclosure of non-financial information and ownership by foreign shareholders using panel data of listed companies in 2003-2011. The results employing fixed effects model show that companies which disclosed non-financial information...