panel cointegration approach in order to explore the possibility of estimating both short-run and long-run impacts of …, Spain, Switzerland, and the UK for the period 1980-1999. We find that per capita health expenditure, per capita income …, carbon monoxide emissions, sulphur oxide emissions and nitrogen oxide emissions are panel cointegrated. While short …

Lagrange multiplier univariate and panel approaches that allow for at most two structural breaks. Our main finding is that … while univariate and panel tests that do not incorporate structural breaks fail to find evidence of convergence, univariate … and panel LM tests that allow for structural breaks find strong evidence of convergence of per capita health expenditures …

Co-Operation and Development (OECD) countries over the period 1972 to 2004 within a panel unit root and panel …