and income on external debt for a panel of six Middle Eastern countries - Oman, Syria, Yemen, Bahrain, Iran, and Jordan …, and external debt in the six countries using a panel unit root and panel cointegration framework and then proceeds to … the short run. For the panel of six Middle Eastern countries, in the long run a 1% increase in military expenditure …

The goal of this paper is to undertake a panel data investigation of long-run Granger causality between electricity … consumption and real GDP for seven panels, which together consist of 93 countries. We use a new panel causality test and find that … the Middle East where causality runs only from GDP to electricity consumption. Finally, for the G6 panel the estimates …

In this paper, we estimate a money demand function for a panel of five South Asian countries. We find that the money … cointegrated both for individual countries as well as for the panel, and panel long-run elasticities provide robust evidence of … statistically significant relationships between money demand and its determinants. Our test for panel Granger causality suggests …