This article examines whether real Health-care Expenditure (HE) is a luxury or necessity for Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) countries over the period 1972 to 2004 within a panel unit root and panel cointegration framework. To realize this objective, we regress HE...

In this paper, we propose a simple extension to a Keynesian type macro model by augmenting it with energy consumption. We show the relationship between energy consumption and output in a macroeconomic setting and ask the question: Do permanent shocks dominate changes in energy consumption and...