Under an open access policy, incumbent broadband providers in all EU countries are required to let new market entrants … competition among all broadband providers, and is strongly recommended in markets where the prohibitively high cost of setting up … stimulates market entry and broadband penetration and/or leads to an increase in broadband quality. In contrast to what is …

aid significantly increased broadband coverage. More importantly, we find that the number of internet providers has … broadband infrastructure in rural areas of Germany. Such subsidies are subject to state aid control by the European Commission …. In this study, we do not only analyse whether the aid was effective in solving a market failure - low broadband coverage …

aid significantly increased broadband coverage. More importantly, we find that the number of internet providers has … broadband infrastructure in rural areas of Germany. Such subsidies are subject to state aid control by the European Commission …. In this study, we do not only analyse whether the aid was effective in solving a market failure – low broadband coverage …

aid significantly increased broadband coverage. More importantly, we find that the number of internet providers has … broadband infrastructure in rural areas of Germany. Such subsidies are subject to state aid control by the European Commission …. In this study, we do not only analyse whether the aid was effective in solving a market failure – low broadband coverage …

aid significantly increased broadband coverage. More importantly, we find that the number of internet providers has … broadband infrastructure in rural areas of Germany. Such subsidies are subject to state aid control by the European Commission …. In this study, we do not only analyse whether the aid was effective in solving a market failure – low broadband coverage …

We consider the impact of a regulatory process forcing an incumbent telecom operator to make its local broadband … and offer Internet services directly to customers. Employing a very detailed dataset covering the whole of the UK, we find … effect on broadband penetration, compared to those areas where the loops are not unbundled. LLU entry instead has a strongly …

We consider the impact of a regulatory process forcing an incumbent telecom operator to make its local broadband … and offer Internet services directly to customers. Employing a very detailed dataset covering the whole of the UK, we find … effect on broadband penetration in the early years, and no longer in the recent years as the market reached maturity. In …