This paper presents a meta-analysis of prospective cohort (longitudinal) studies of alcohol marketing and adolescent drinking. The paper provides a narrative summary of 21 longitudinal studies, and 12 of these are selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Each study surveyed a sample of youth...

This paper assesses the methodology employed in longitudinal studies of advertising and youth drinking and smoking behaviors. These studies often are given a causal interpretation in the psychology and public health literatures. Four issues are examined from the perspective of econometrics....

This paper uses cross-country panel data to study the effects of advertising bans and other control policies on alcohol demand. The null hypothesis to be tested is that advertising bans do not decrease alcohol consumption. The study addresses several shortcomings in four previous studies. First,...

Time-series models of the demand for alcoholic beverages have been criticized for use of annual data; omitted variables; mis-measurement of advertising; simultaneous equations bias; and inadequate attention to nonstationarity and dynamics. This paper reappraises the relationship between alcohol...

Using panel data for a cross-section of countries, several previous studies estimate the effect of advertising bans on cigarette consumption. These studies suffer from three general problems: (1) structural change in cigarette demand functions; (2) endogeneity of advertising bans; and (3)...

It has often been alleged that alcoholic beverage manufacturers disproportionately target their advertising at minors instead of at people over the age of 21. Empirical analysis presented in this article challenges that allegation; alcoholic beverage manufacturers appear to target people of...

In 2003, the alcohol beverage industry spent more than $1.6 billion on advertising in measured media outlets, including $394 million on ads placed in magazines. Industry critics assert that some of these activities intentionally target adolescent audiences and thereby contribute importantly to...

This paper presents a synthesis of cigarette advertising elasticities from econometric studies for the U.S. (25 studies) and other countries (13 studies). Summaries are presented for each sample using fixed- and random-effects weighted means and weighted regressions. The weighted regressions...

Beer advertising is a topic that has frequently attracted the attention of industrial organization economists. This update reviews major events, data trends, and research for each of three issues: (1) the importance of advertising and product differentiation for structural change in the brewing...

This paper presents empirical evidence on the relationship between alcohol consumption and unemployment for an international panel of countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). I find a significant negative or pro-cyclical relationship between unemployment and...