There have been over 80 field experiments on traditional dimensions of discrimination in labor and housing markets … since 2000, in 23 countries. These studies nearly always find evidence of discrimination against minorities. However, the … estimates of discrimination in these studies can be biased if there is differential variation in the unobservable determinants …

There have been over 80 field experiments on traditional dimensions of discrimination in labor and housing markets … since 2000, in 23 countries. These studies nearly always find evidence of discrimination against minorities. However, the … estimates of discrimination in these studies can be biased if there is differential variation in the unobservable determinants …

Stronger enforcement of discrimination laws can help to reduce disparities in economic outcomes with respect to race …, ethnicity, and gender in the United States. However, the data necessary to detect possible discrimination and to act to counter …

discrimination, and policy responses. Yet there is still a considerable lack of consensus on all three of these issues. I would argue … some evidence consistent with these explanations, this evidence does not rule out an important role for discrimination in … generating sex differences in labor markets. I also believe that the lack of consensus regarding the existence of discrimination …