combination of policy instruments will be more economically efficient than any single strategy in order to correct for multiple …) to compare the cost-effectiveness of individual and combinations of policy instruments. Despite many of the parameter … policy instruments in terms of economic efficiency found in Fischer & Newell (2008). Beginning with the most cost …

regulatory incentives, and can be cost-effectively harnessed through the use of economicincentive based policy. In the presence … and information problems can further weaken innovation incentives. While environmental technology policy is fraught with … difficulties, a long-term view suggests a strategy of experimenting with policy approaches and systematically evaluating their …

Environmental policy discussions increasingly focus on issues related to technological change. This is partly because … change, and partly because environmental policy interventions can themselves create constraints and incentives that have … theory and empirical evidence of induced innovation and the related literature on the effects of environmental policy on the …

of knowledge spillovers, affect the desirability of different policies. Due to knowledge spillovers, optimal policy … optimal portfolio of policies achieves emissions reductions at significantly lower cost than any single policy. …