poverty before sketching out some core features and approaches to the welfare state and antipoverty policies. We then focus on … the central plank of the modern welfare state's efforts to address poverty—namely, social protection, discussing in turn … the inactive working-age population, child income support, in-work poverty, and retirement and old-age pensions. After …

below-average poverty risk while also affecting relative income poverty thresholds. Examining eleven countries for which … UK. A counterfactual exercise assessed the impact of these changes in composition on relative income poverty rates by … relative poverty rate in 2019 would have been a good deal higher in Germany, Greece, and Italy, and especially in Israel and …