importance of firm-level productivity and distance-related transaction costs as driving forces of FDI. Yet the timing of FDI has … strongly depends on firm productivity immediately after the political and economic regime change, but less so with diminishing …. -- Multinational enterprises ; firm-level productivity ; distance ; timing of FDI …

This paper estimates the aggregate productivity effects of Marshallian externalities generated by foreign direct … externalities and other intra- and inter-regional spillovers generated by domestic firms. The productivity effects of these … explicitly as determinants of total factor productivity, and tests several empirical specifications of this model, using data for …

source countries in terms of total factor productivity (TFP). We find that the importance of these transmission mechanisms …