charging students for the costs of their education. …

beneficial in systems with external exit exams. Students perform better in privately operated schools, but private funding is not …

institutional arrangements on student performance. In a simple principal-agent framework, students choose their learning effort to …

autonomy is more beneficial in systems with external exit exams. Students perform better in privately operated schools, but …

and students' cognitive and socio-emotional development. The German panel evidence shows that children's learning time … decreased severely during the first school closures, particularly for low-achieving students, and increased only slightly one … activities. The review shows substantial losses in cognitive skills on achievement tests, particularly for students from …

and students' cognitive and socio-emotional development. The German panel evidence shows that children's learning time … decreased severely during the first school closures, particularly for low-achieving students, and increased only slightly one … activities. The review shows substantial losses in cognitive skills on achievement tests, particularly for students from …