Purpose: Although principal–agent theory has gained a prominent place in research, its negative image of self-serving managers is frequently criticized. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine how existing theories of agency and stewardship can be combined by using behavioral...

Purpose: This paper aims to analyse whether and how different types of institutional investors influence shareholder proposal initiations, say-on-pay (SOP) votes and management compensation from a sustainability perspective. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the principal-agent theory, the...

This systematic literature review analyses the determinants and consequences of executive compensation-related shareholder activism and say-on-pay (SOP) votes. The review covers 71 empirical articles published between January 1995 and September 2017. The studies are reviewed within an empirical...

Although principal-agent theory has gained a prominent place in research, its negative image of self-serving managers is frequently criticised. Consequently, scholars advocate the utilization of positive management theories, such as stewardship theory. This paper reviews the literature of both...

Purpose – This paper analyses whether and how different types of institutional investors influence shareholder proposal initiations, say on pay (SOP) votes and management compensation from a sustainability perspective.Design/methodology/approach – Based on principal agent theory, the authors...