With aggregate data from the U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey for 19 years, 1984 through 2002, this study analyzes relationships between expenditures on transportation and communications. Several classification schemes for expenditure categories were used, from the most aggregate [two categories...

Hydrogen infrastructure costs will vary by region as geographic characteristics and feedstocks differ. This paper proposes a method for optimizing regional hydrogen infrastructure deployment by combining detailed spatial data in a geographic information system (GIS) with a technoeconomic model...

Various alternative fuels and vehicles have been proposed to address transportation related environmental and energy issues such as air pollution, climate change and energy security. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are widely seen as an attractive long term option, having zero tailpipe...

Global energy challenges, including climate change, energy security and air quality, require that we transform the way we produce and use energy in transportation and other sectors. To reach long-term goals for deep reductions in transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions, more efficient...

Interest in hydrogen as a transportation fuel is growing in Shanghai. Shell Hydrogen, Tongji University, and the City of Shanghai plan to construct network of refueling stations throughout the city to stimulate fuel cell vehicle and bus deployment. The purpose of this paper is to 1) examine the...

California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) adopted by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) on April 23, 2009 requires a 10% reduction in the average greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity of the state’s transportation fuels by 2020. This regulation is expected to reduce...

Beijing could be an attractive region to initiate a hydrogen infrastructure for transportation. Air quality is poor, oil imports are soaring, and there is a desire to introduce innovative responses for the 2008 Olympics. If Beijing were to proceed to build hydrogen infrastructure before and...

The development of a hydrogen infrastructure has been identified as a key barrier to implementing hydrogen as for a future transportation fuel. Several recent studies of hydrogen infrastructure have assessed near-term and long-term alternatives for hydrogen supply [1-2]. In this paper, we...

In this final report, we present results from research conducted under Phase I of NREL contract number XCM-4-44000-01, from May 2004-January 2005. The overall goal of this project is to better understand infrastructure development strategies for widespread implementation of hydrogen as an energy...

There is rapid, ongoing progress in development of both fuel cell vehicle technology, and hydrogen refueling systems. Although hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles are not yet ready for full commercial deployment, they are ready to take the next step toward commercialization. This is widely seen as a...