Objectives: Recent studies suggest the need to adjust the construct of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment Scale among the family caregivers according to different social norms and differential public services. The aim of this study is to examine the reliability of the original five-subscale CRA...

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a fact-finding study on how differences in the supply of medical care affect the cause-specific mortality among children aged 1 to 4 years in Japan. We find that the supply of emergency medical care in hospitals has a significant negative effect on the...

Long Term Care Insurance introduced in Japan in 2000 is rapidly turning into a system of rationed benefits due to financial difficulty. Based on our survey of 2500 family care-givers and the Zarit Care-Giver Burden Index, we have examined how these changes are affecting their subjective burden,...

Background: The exposure of children to secondhand smoke at home and elsewhere has been largely an overlooked problem in Japan, regardless of widely well spread knowledge about health risk of secondhand smoke exposure to children. Furthermore, evidence and study are limited and little is known...