This paper introduces a new duality concept, factor income function, in order to establish the factor Price Equalization theorem and the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem in an oligopolistic Heckscher-Ohlin model with increasing returns to scale

Purpose – We ask how far the Kemp–Wan Pareto-improving result can hold without inter-country transfers. Methodology/approach – Assuming that the standard revenue and expenditure functions exist, we consider tariff adjustments for some group of countries such that they makes member...

Purpose – A free trade agreement (FTA) or a preferential trade agreement (PTA) is almost always negotiated without concessions to the non-member countries. This chapter studies the welfare effects of such an FTA or PTA on the non-member countries. Methodology/approach – This chapter employs...

Purpose – The present note shows the interaction between technological differences between countries and the level of trade costs as a determinant of trade patterns. Methodology/approach – It takes the work of Kikuchi et al.'s (2008) Chamberlinian–Ricardian model as its point of departure,...

Based on the Jones (1971) model, we construct two dynamic models of international trade in which the rate of time preference is either constant or time-varying. The main purpose is to study whether and under what conditions the results derived in the Jones model still hold in the dynamic...