at aiding families. The outcomes of interest are female employment, gender gaps in earnings and fertility. We begin with …

at aiding families. The outcomes of interest are female employment, gender gaps in earnings and fertility. We begin with … participation of women and reduces gender gaps …

U.S. fertility rose from a low of 2.27 children for women born in 1908 to a peak of 3.21 children for women born in … boom and generated a rise in women's human capital, ultimately leading to a decline in desired fertility for subsequent … associated with a rise in fertility for women born between 1921 and 1940, with a rise in college and high school graduation rates …

joint rise in married women's labor force participation and fertility over this period. We also show that the diffusion of …Maternal mortality was the second-leading cause of death for women in childbearing years up until the mid-1930s in the … advances. We argue that these medical advances, by enabling women to reconcile work and motherhood, were essential for the …