Maternal mortality was the second-leading cause of death for women in childbearing years up until the mid-1930s in the … advances. We argue that these medical advances, by enabling women to reconcile work and motherhood, were essential for the … joint rise in married women's labor force participation and fertility over this period. We also show that the diffusion of …

participation of high school peers' mothers affects adult women's labor force participation, above and beyond the effect of their … own mothers. The analysis suggests that women who were exposed to a larger number of working mothers during adolescence …

We study associations among women's current marital status, past marital history, and later-life labor force … employment and retirement outcomes for older women. The spread of unilateral divorce, we find, was associated with cross …-cohort differences in the probability of divorce over the lifecycle. For women with a low risk of divorce, later exposure to unilateral …