Reimbursement of commuting costs by employers has attracted little attention from economists. We develop a theoretical … frictions and show that partial reimbursement of commuting cost will in general be an element of the recruitment policy. The … alternative explanation that stresses the role of tax incentives is unlikely to provide a full explanation of the commuting costs …

whether the commute has a positive effect on worker’s absenteeism. Our estimates for Germany indicate that commuting distance …

to pay for reducing commuting distance is about euro 0.25 per kilometre travelled. This corresponds to a marginal … willingness to pay for reducing commuting time of about 75% of the net average hourly wage. For females, the willingness to pay is …

In this paper we analyse the commuting distribution from a job search perspective.We have examined under which … conditions the commuting distribution is unimodal which isone of the stylised facts of commuting. It appears that a necessary … commuting density function as we observe it. …

In this paper, we derive a structural model for commuting speed. We presumethat commuting speed is chosen to minimise … commuting costs, which encompass bothmonetary and time costs. At faster speed levels, the monetary costs increase, but the …

different residential locations and therefore, conditional on workplace location, have different commuting patterns. Empirical … instrumental variables to deal with endogenity of household income by observing that commuting may affect wages only when workers …-term effects, and avoid that due to the presence of residential moving costs, few workers immediately change commuting distance by …

Denmark and show that gender differences regarding commuting play an important role in explaining this. We offer 3 pieces of … evidence. First, the gender pay and commuting gaps come into existence at the same moment: when the first child is born. Second …, wage compensation for commuting is lower for women after the birth compared to men: about 3 − 4 percentage points of the …