Women typically earn less than men. The reasons are not fully understood. Previous studies argue that this may be because (i) women 'don't ask' and (ii) the reason they fail to ask is out of concern for the quality of their relationships at work. This account is difficult to assess with standard...

What makes workers happy? Here we argue that pure ?rank? matters. It is currently believed that wellbeing is determined partly by an individual?s absolute wage (say, 30,000 dollars a year) and partly by the individual?s relative wage (say, 30,000 dollars compared to an average in the company or...