This article examines various conditions for optimality in financial inclusion. The optimal level of financial inclusion is achieved when basic financial services are provided to members of the population at a price that is affordable and that price is also economically sufficient to encourage...

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent evidence on financial inclusion from all regions of the World. It identifies the emerging themes in the financial inclusion literature as well as some controversy in policy circles regarding financial inclusion. In particular, I draw...

This paper formulates new theories of sustainable finance. The need for new theories of sustainable finance arises from the need to establish a set of propositions that can help us understand the behaviour and actions of economic agents towards sustainable finance. Six theories of sustainable...

This paper investigates the correlation between banking sector non-performing loans and the level of sustainable development. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between banking sector non-performing loans and the level of sustainable development measured by the sustainable...

This paper investigates the global and local interest in internet information about cryptocurrency and the Nigeria central bank digital currency which is also known as eNaira. Granger causality test and GMM coefficient matrix methodologies were used. The findings reveal that there is sustained...

We analyse the popularity of the term ‘financial inclusion’ in relation to other development buzzwords. We extract trend data for multiple development buzzwords across countries and cities from 2004 to 2022 and we run a series of empirical analyses. We find that the ‘financial inclusion’...

This paper examines the association between corporate governance and financial inclusion in terms of correlation and causation. It examines whether countries that have a strong corporate governance environment also have better financial inclusion outcomes. The indicators of financial inclusion...

This article analyse several indicators of financial inclusion in Nigeria. The findings reveal that people with at least a secondary education and unemployed people had higher levels of debit card ownership, higher levels of account ownership of any type, and higher levels of account ownership...

This paper investigates the association between social inclusion and financial inclusion. Social inclusion and financial inclusion are two major development policy agenda in many countries, and the association between them has received little attention in the policy and academic literature....