during the week after this birthday. We do not, however, find that harsher punishment reduces the crime rate permanently. …" in the sense that more crimes were committed during the week prior to a 21st birthday, followed by a reduction in crime …

administrative data from Sweden. Our empirical strategy exploits exogenous varia-tion in parental incarceration from the random … in childhood leads to a significant increase in teen crime and significant decreases in educational attainment and adult …

from Sweden. Our empirical strategy exploits exogenous variation in parental incarceration from the random assignment of … leads to significant increases in teen crime and pregnancy and a significant decrease in early-life employment. The effects … are concentrated among children from the most disadvantaged families, where teen crime increases by 18 percentage points …

administrative data from Sweden. Our empirical strategy exploits exogenous varia-tion in parental incarceration from the random … in childhood leads to a significant increase in teen crime and significant decreases in educational attainment and adult …