Spectrum licensing enables quality of service guarantees, but often leads to inefficient use of spectrum. Unlicensed spectrum promotes efficiency through sharing, but quality of service cannot be guaranteed, which is a serious problem for some applications. Such applications may be better served...

Spectrum licensing is one effective way to guarantee adequate quality of service for license-holders, because they can have exclusive access to spectrum. However, exclusivity also leads to inefficient use of spectrum, which contributes to today’s shortage of spectrum. Unlicensed spectrum is a...