Pumped storage is generally viewed as the most promising technology to increase renewable energy source (RES) penetration levels in power systems and particularly in small autonomous island grids. Combined wind and pumped-storage “virtual power plants”, called hybrid power stations (HPS),...

Combined wind and pumped-storage virtual power plants, called hybrid power stations (HPS), constitute a realistic and feasible option to achieve high renewable energy source (RES) penetration levels in power systems and particularly in autonomous island grids. Technical issues arising from the...