Many two-sided platforms (e.g., eBay, Google, iOS, Android, Twitter, Amazon) provide integration tools, such as modular interfaces, interactive development environments, application programming interfaces (APIs), and help desks to reduce the costs and improve the functionality of third party...

Managers of emerging platforms must decide what level of platform performance to invest in at each product development cycle in markets that exhibit two-sided network externalities. High performance is a selling point for consumers, but in many cases it requires developers to make large...

Multi-sided platforms must make decisions on both pricing and engineering investment and must continually adjust them as the platform scales over its lifecycle. Engineering investments can be allocated to features that improve a platform’s standalone value, social features to take advantage of...