puts the subsidiarity test, proportionality and necessity on a firmer analytical footing and offers a healthy discipline of …

the EU Member States, one observes a powerful tendency to regard 'subsidiarity' as a 'political' issue. Moreover …, subsidiarity is frequently seen as a one-way street : powers going 'back to' Member States. Both interpretations are at least … partly flawed and less than helpful when looking for practical ways to deal with subsidiarity at both EU and Member states …