Früher waren Assimilationsdienste von Gewässern wie andere natürliche Ressourcen freie Güter in dem Sinn, daß ihr Angebot trotz unentgeltlicher Nutzung die Nachfrage überstieg; die Nutzung zum Nullpreis war effizient. Die zunehmende konkurrierende Nutzung als unbezahlter Produktionsfaktor...

Generation of drinking water from polluted raw water requires to reduce water pollution by overall emissions control, by technical raw water purification and/or by installing water protection areas. To achieve efficiency the purification effort must be equalised at all of these three margins. In...

In its first part, the paper focuses on the relationships between the quality of the water resource, industrial sewage, and waste water treatment in two successive steps: intra-industrial waste abatement followed by centralized end-of-pipe purification in (public) purification plants....