loan rates, especially for banks with more access to international wholesale markets. Effects are also important for other …

We show that nonbanks (funds, shadow banks, fintech) affect the transmission of monetary policy to output, prices and …, borrowerlender relationships and Gertler-Karadi monetary policy shocks. Higher policy rates shift credit supply from banks to …

We show that negative monetary policy rates induce systemic banks to reach-for-yield. For identification, we exploit … the 26 largest euro area banking groups. Banks with more customer deposits are negatively affected by negative rates, as … higher returns. Effects are stronger for less capitalized banks, private sector (financial and non-financial) securities and …