P(enalized)-splines and fractional polynomials (FPs) have emerged as powerful smoothing techniques with increasing popularity in several fields of applied research. Both approaches provide considerable flexibility, but only limited comparative evaluations of the performance and properties of the...

P(enalized)-splines and fractional polynomials (FPs) have emerged as powerful smoothing techniques with increasing popularity in several fields of applied research. Both approaches provide considerable flexibility, but only limited comparative evaluations of the performance and properties of the...

We consider a system with hysteresis: the motion of a particle is governed by one of two stochastic differential equations depending on which of two thresholds 0 and x1,x1 0 was crossed last. Using observations of the process over a fixed time interval we construct the maximum likelihood...