--permanent layoffs. The key question addressed in the paper is: "Have permanent layoffs in Canada increased in the 1980s and early 1990s …

This paper highlights recent developments in self-employment in Canada and explores its relationship to unemployment … empirically small negative (positive) relationship between self-employment and unemployment (full-time paid employment). This … small negative (positive) relationship between exits out of self-employment and unemployment (full-time paid employment). It …

Immigrants to Canada enjoy labour market outcomes that are more favourable than those for their counterparts in Sweden …. In an effort to understand these gaps, Canada’s immigration policy and outcomes are contrasted to the Swedish immigration … other hand, common trends are also observed; both unemployment and earnings outcomes among entering immigrants have …