This research compares three strategies that ads can use to convey which product and brand they promote, and it tests how these affect consumer evaluation and the resulting attitudes towards the ad and brand, under exposure durations that range from brief to long. Upfront ads immediately convey...

This paper provides empirical insight into the way consumers make pairwise similarity judgments between brands, and how familiarity with the brands, serial position of the pair in a sequence, and the presentation format affect these judgments. Within the similarity judgment process both the...

Can online display advertising help consumers to more successfully search for their preferred brands, and thus reduce the impact of competitive clutter on shopping sites? Moreover, if advertising indeed has such direct brand search benefits, which attentional mechanisms account for it? To answer...

Most ads in practice receive no more than a single eye fixation. This study investigates the limits of what ads can communicate under such adverse exposure conditions. We find that consumers already know at maximum levels of accuracy and with high degree of certainty whether something is an ad...