Study (PIRLS) for fourth graders. Our analysis covers six European countries, Germany, France, Iceland, the Netherlands … analysis covers six European countries, Germany, France, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. Peer effects are of … school. Although some countries, like Germany, track students into a rigid system of separate schools at the secondary …

in Germany for the years 1986 to 1989. Much of this training seems general, and is provided to workers by their employer …