The first generation of competition laws in Central Eastern Europe-enacted in 1990 and 1991 in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Russia-have undergone significant amendements following their earliest enforcement period.This paper uses an analytical framework previously used to examine those...

Our results seem to provide substantial evidence that joint operating agreement's (JOA) act as constrained rather than unconstrained monopolists in setting ad rates and circulation levels. The constraint of having to produce two dailies binds tightly enough to yield JOA CPM's that are much...

A variety of proposals for creating more competition within the railroad sector are under consideration in countries throughout the world. Brazil, though something of latecomer to wider infrastructure reform, has recently taken large steps in restructuring its railroad system. This paper...