impacts upon technological progress and thereby also on productivity growth. The empirical results clearly confirm the … detrimental to economic prosperity, at least as far as technological progress and productivity growth are concerned. …

Conventional R&D-based growth theory argues that productivity growth is driven by population growth but the data … suggest that the erstwhile positive correlation between population and productivity turned negative during the 20th century … explains why in modern economies high growth of productivity and income is associated with low or negative population growth …