Companies and countries have needed to adapt their activities to the consequences of the Russian war in Ukraine. The analysis in this article shows that both the Russian war in Ukraine and the subsequent trade restrictions have become a powerful trigger, significantly increasing the level of...

Companies and countries have needed to adapt their activities to the consequences of the Russian war in Ukraine. The analysis in this article shows that both the Russian war in Ukraine and the subsequent trade restrictions have become a powerful trigger, significantly increasing the level of...

Starting from 1 January 2018, Latvia introduced changes in the corporate income tax (CIT) system. In accordance with the new law, companies should pay CIT only from that part of the profit that is distributed as dividends, that is, essentially, reinvested profits were exempted from CIT. The same...

Only a small percentage of startups attract capital from venture capital investors. To determine the factors which owners of startups consider the most important for attracting seed venture investments, the founders of 40 startups in Latvia and Russia were questioned. The researchers compared...

One of the main sources of funding for economic recovery in countries after the COVID-19 pandemic is the increase in public debt. But as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the strengthening of new trends in the development of the global economy, the level of uncertainty has greatly increased....

Venture capital (VC) investments are pro-cyclical in nature, making it much more difficult for startups to attract investments during periods of economic recession than during economic growth. To mitigate the negative effects of the coronavirus crisis on the economy, countries are being forced...

The paper addresses the issues of regional and export competitiveness of the countries in the same region with similar level of economic development with regard to labor costs borne by employers. Research results demonstrate that the country with higher labor costs shows lower export indicators...

Business angels (BAs) are an important source of financing for start-up companies, thus many countries implement different initiatives to support BAs. However, in order to obtain accurate data on the level of BA activity it is necessary to develop tools for measuring it. The existing literature...

Business angels are one of the main sources of financing for innovative start-up companies. In this regard, it has been discussed in the existing literature that policy-makers and stakeholders are in great need for a tool to measure the level and scale of the development of the business angel...