Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of Wasta, a culturally based system of social networks of exchange among in-group members in the Arab world, as exemplified by three groups of Arabs in the Palestinian Authority, and then compares it to Guanxi (China), Sviazi (Russia)...

This article investigates the use of favors by managers of BRIC firms to accomplish business goals, the ethicality of which should be determined by the moral reasoning in these countries rather than from a developed country perspective. We define a favor as an exchange of outcomes between...

The success of Moscow McDonald's is now legendary; since January 1990 it has become the most visited restaurant in the McDonald's worldwide system, and also the largest. Oleg Vikhanski and Sheila Puffer explore McDonald's human resource philosphy and methods and explain how they evoked an...

This article focuses on a Russian woman entrepreneur who established a very successful software firm under license from an American software company. The case illustrates a productive and successful partnership between a Western company and a new Russian entrepreneur. Recent developments in...

This article analyzes Russia's emerging corporate governance system taking into account both foreign and domestic influences. It discusses influences on Russia's corporate governance from other countries, particularly the US, Germany, and France. Aspects of Russian culture and traditions are...

The recent dramatic changes in Russia have stimulated the growth and number of business schools attempting to meet the new demand for business education. Tatiana Kozlova and Sheila Puffer present the results of a survey of 24 state and private institutions throughout the country. Their current...

Western business people are eager to penetrate the vast Russian market that has opened up following the breakup of the Soviet Union and the fall of communism. Yet, many are discovering that their Russian contacts are like the 'riddle wrapped in an enigma' that Winston Churchill called Russia in...

This article explores the use of favors by emerging market managers, the impact of using favors on their firms’ growth, legitimacy, and reputation in a variety of business environments, and how the use of favors affects firms’ paths to international expansion. We discuss the concept of...