public. Indonesia is one of the countries where such rapid land-use change is happening. In many parts of Indonesia, oil palm …

Indonesia. Oil palm is labor-saving in the sense that it requires much less labor per unit of land than alternative crops. The …, our results suggest that oil palm adoption in Indonesia largely led to the cultivation of additional land, entailing …

quantify and monetize positive externalities associated with technology adoption. Due to lower chemical pesticide use on Bt … cotton plots, there are significant health advantages in terms of reduced incidence of acute pesticide poisoning, and …

This paper examines the ecosystem impacts of transgenic Bt cotton technology resulting from reduced chemical pesticide … effects of pesticide use are quantified with the environmental impact quotient (EIQ), with and without Bt technology. An … environmentally-sensitive production function is estimated, treating the environmental risk of pesticide toxicity as an undesirable …