We measure gender differences in the impact of the initial Indian COVID-19 lockdown using an online survey fielded during the lockdown that ended with consensual provision of browser history records. Digital activity increased dramatically during the lockdown for both men and women, but men’s...

We measure the impact of the initial Indian national COVID-19 lockdown on digital activity using browser histories of 1,094 individuals, spanning over 31.5 million website visits on computers and mobile devices. Reflecting the predicted increase in the value of online activity, both men and...

We present the first objective evidence on how COVID-19 lockdowns affected internet browser usage in Africa, using detailed digital trace data on PC-based and mobile-based browsing patterns of 316 Kenyans who had access to a PC, covering the period before and during Kenya's first national...