firms in Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand, and to explain their determinants. Foreign firms generally produced higher … human resource and process technology capabilities than local firms in Malaysia and Thailand. Although foreign firms were … generally endowed with higher research and development (R and D) capabilities in Malaysia and Thailand, local firms enjoyed …

relationships involving them in a sample of electronics firms in Johor, Malaysia. Although, large firms enjoyed higher labour … accounted for this difference against SMEs supplying large firms in Johor and Singapore. Process technology intensities are high … in large firms who have overcome high labour turnovers to Singapore by deploying capital-intensive but deskilling …